When Should You Use a Comma Between Two Adjectives?
A comma should be placed between two adjectives (of equal rank) that describe the same noun. Adjectives “of equal rank” are adjectives that can exchange locations in the sentence with one another such that the sentence will still make sense. Adjectives (describing the same noun) which do not have equal rank do not require a comma.
The following are examples of adjectives of equal rank describing the same noun (note the use of a comma as well as the ability to exchange their locations in the sentence with one another):
The sad, bedraggled traveler could not believe her flight was canceled.
The dangerous, preoccupied driver weaved through the city streets viewing his phone.
The following are examples of adjectives of unequal rank describing the same noun (note the lack of a comma as well as the inability to exchange their locations in the sentence with one another):
Several happy people danced in the streets upon hearing the news.
We examined the many unique pieces of art work hanging on the walls.
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When You Should Use Commas Between to Adjectives in Your Writing
Be sure to use a comma between two adjectives when the adjectives are of equal rank which are also known as “coordinate adjectives.” Coordinate adjectives are adjectives that independently modify the same noun and are equal in importance. The following are some tests to help you know when to use a comma between two adjectives and when not to use a comma between two adjectives.
The “And” Test
Try placing the word “and” between the two adjectives. If it doesn’t change the meaning and it still sounds natural, you should use a comma.
She wore a bright, colorful hat.
She wore a bright and colorful hat. (This makes sense, so a comma is correct.)
The “Order” Test
Try reversing the order of the adjectives. If it doesn’t change the meaning, you should use a comma.
It was a long, tiring trip.
It was a tiring, long trip. (This still makes sense, so a comma is correct.)
When Not to Use a Comma
A commas is not needed when you have adjectives of unequal rank which are also known as “cumulative adjectives.” Cumulative adjectives occur when the two adjectives build upon each other to modify the noun they’re describing. This means they are not independently describing the noun, so you should not use a comma between the two adjectives.
She has three small kittens.
Notice how “three” modifies “small kittens,” and “small” modifies “kittens.” The adjectives aren’t equal in importance; instead, they work cumulatively to describe the noun, so no comma is needed.
He carried a tiny blue notebook.
Notice how “tiny” modifies “blue notebook,” and “blue” modifies “notebook.” The adjectives aren’t equal in importance; instead, they work cumulatively to describe the noun, so no comma is needed.
Keep in mind that there are several other times you’ll need to use commas in your writing such as commas with items in a series, commas after introductory clauses, and commas with essential and non-essential elements. Also, be sure to avoid comma splices in your writing.
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